These are very strict obstacles, so it was unclear that extra memory could be useful at any time. But because of their surprise, Bohrman and Cleo showed that if you only adapt to the bits correctly, you can really get additional computational ovm from a complete memory.
“It was a shock to all,” said Loff, who was then a graduate student in Bohrman’s group, working on the question of memory with his fellow student. Florine Spellman. The team soon resulted in the result of even larger class problems, and appeared Their joint results In 2014.
He borrowed a term from chemistry and named the new framework catalog computing. “Without catalyst, the reaction didn’t move forward.” Raghunath TiwariIndian Institute of Technology, a complication theory in Kanpur. “But there is no change in self -category.”
Not off the tree
A small band of researchers continued to further develop Catalic computing, but no one tried to apply it to the issue of diagnosis of trees, which initially affected the quest for cookie. For this problem, the rest of the open question was, can it be used at the same time storing and using a small amount of memory for calculation? But the reliance on catalyst computing techniques is huge on extra, complete memory. Shrink this memory and the techniques will no longer work.
Nevertheless, a young researcher could not help think about whether there was a way to adopt these techniques to reuse memory in the algorithm of the trees. It was his name James CookAnd for this the problem of diagnosing trees was personal: Stephen Coke, a legendary complexity theorest who invented it, is his father. James even worked on it at a graduate school, though he had focused mostly Fully irrelevant articles. In 2014, when he encountered the original Catalic Computing Paper, James was about to leave a graduate and academia for software engineering. But even when he joined his new job, he kept thinking about catalyst.
“I had to understand it and see what can be done,” he said.
For years, James Cook continued to make tinkers in his spare time with a catalyst approach to the issue of diagnosis of trees. He had a conversation about his progress in the 2019 symposium in honor of his father Groundwork In complex theory. After the conversation, he had a graduate student nominated Ian MeritzFive years ago, a young man who gave an impression as an undergrade was loved by Catalic computing after learning about it.
Meritz said, “It was like a scenario of the baby’s birds.
Photo: Stephen Groker/Quanta Magazine
Kick and Meritz joined the forces, and their efforts were soon lost. In 2020, they designed An algorithm This was solved by the minimum memory of the minimum estimate by the Elder Cook and McC Canzie, even though it was barely down from the doorstep. Nevertheless, it was enough to deposit $ 100 on condition. Easily for the chefs, half of it remained in the family.
But there was still work. Researchers began to study the diagnosis of trees because it seemed as if it could eventually present an example of a problem in P, which is not in L. Other words, in other words, a relatively easy problem that cannot be solved using very little memory. The new method of kicks and merits used less memory than any other algorithm of the diagnosis of trees, but nevertheless, the diagnosis of Li Tree is significantly more used than any algorithm for any problem, but was not out.
In 2023, Cook and Meritz came out with one Better algorithm He used very little memory – more difficult than the maximum permission of problems in L. Now many researchers suspect that trees are diagnosed in L, and that is just a matter of time. Complexity theory makers may need a different approach to PS vs.
Meanwhile, the results of Cook and Meritz have created an interest in catalyst computing, which explores new tasks. Contact with random pin And the effects of allowing Something Errors To reset full memory in its original state.
“We have not finished the detection of what we can do with these new techniques,” said McCainzie. “We can expect even more surprise.”
The original story Re -printing with permission from How much magazine isFor, for, for,. An editorially independent post of Simones Foundation The mission of which is to enhance the public understanding of science by covering research advances and trends in mathematics and physical and life sciences.